Did you know that according to Canadian data, approximately 3-5% of pregnant women and 3-6% of breastfeeding women use cannabis?
Many women believe that using cannabis occasionally poses minimal risks to their pregnancy and baby. However, it’s important to raise awareness on the topic because even though cannabis is a natural plant, many studies show its potential effects on fetal development.
In this article, we will refer to key insights and recommendations from Health Canada, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and Canadian organizations such as Naitre et Grandir, to help you make the best-informed decisions for you and your baby’s well-being.
If Cannabis is a natural plant, then why isn’t it safe to use during pregnancy?
Cannabis, also known as marijuana, weed or pot, has Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the primary psychoactive component that makes people feel high. While pregnant, THC can cross the placenta and reach the baby’s bloodstream. It is also lipophilic, meaning it attaches to fat cells and can remain in the body for extended periods. During pregnancy, the developing brain and nervous system of the baby are especially sensitive to such substances; and for frequent users, THC levels can become more concentrated in the baby’s system, potentially leading to later developmental issues.
Let’s expand on that.
While research on cannabis use during pregnancy is still emerging, several potential risks have been noted, particularly around cognitive and behavioral development. Here are some of the primary concerns:
- Low birth weight and preterm birth: Regular cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery. Babies born with lower birth weights can face more health challenges, including issues with growth, immunity, and development.
- Developmental and behavioral issues: Studies suggest that prenatal exposure to cannabis may affect a child’s brain development, leading to behavioral issues and difficulties with problem-solving, attention, and memory.
- Increased risk of using cannabis as a teen: Interestingly, some studies have found that children exposed to cannabis in the womb are more likely to use cannabis themselves as teenagers. While this is not a direct cause-and-effect relationship, it suggests that prenatal exposure to THC may impact behavior in ways that influence choices later in life.
- Potential links to anxiety and depression: Children exposed to cannabis in utero may experience symptoms of anxiety and depression as they grow. Though not all studies have shown this, enough evidence exists for healthcare experts to recommend caution.
Questions moms often have about cannabis use
Is secondhand cannabis smoke also harmful?
Yes, as it can expose the developing baby to THC and other potentially harmful substances.
Is occasional use safe?
No level of cannabis use during pregnancy has been proven safe. Even occasional use may impact your baby’s developing brain, so experts suggest avoiding it altogether.
What about cannabis edibles or CBD?
When it comes to edibles, the method of ingestion doesn’t change the fact that THC will reach the baby’s system, which could impact their development. CBD, while less researched in pregnancy, is also discouraged, as it is derived from the cannabis plant.
What if I used Cannabis before knowing I was pregnant?
The best course of action is to stop using cannabis as soon as you start planning a pregnancy and to discontinue immediately upon discovering you are pregnant.
Can Cannabis help with pregnancy nausea?
While some women use cannabis to help with nausea, it’s not recommended during pregnancy due to the potential risks to the fetus. Discuss with your healthcare provider to explore safer alternatives.
Recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding moms
Experts, including the ACOG, recommend avoiding cannabis during pregnancy and lactation due to potential risks. If stopping feels challenging, consider the following:
- Discuss it openly with your doctor: Healthcare providers are there to support you, not to judge. Being open with your doctor can help you receive personalized advice and find alternative remedies for any symptoms you may be experiencing.
- Avoid Cannabis while breastfeeding: Limited research exists on cannabis and breastfeeding, but THC is known to transfer into breast milk. Given the unknowns, it’s best to avoid cannabis while nursing to minimize potential impacts on your baby’s neurodevelopment and growth.
- Seek support if you need it: If quitting or reducing cannabis use feels overwhelming, remember there are resources available. Many communities offer support groups, and your healthcare provider can refer you to specialists who work with expecting mothers.
Key Takeaways
- Avoiding cannabis during pregnancy is best for your baby’s health. No amount has been proven safe.
- THC crosses the placenta, potentially impacting your baby’s brain development and leading to cognitive or behavioral issues as they grow.
- Secondhand smoke also matters, so try to avoid it when possible.
- If you’re considering pregnancy, early discussions with your healthcare provider can help guide you in making healthy choices for conception and beyond.
Finally, with what we currently know, the safest choice for both you and your baby is to avoid cannabis use throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding. If you’re already using cannabis and want to stop or reduce use, remember that you’re not alone. Reach out to your healthcare provider, who can help you find safe and effective ways to care for yourself and your growing baby.
Source:
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2017). Marijuana use during pregnancy and lactation (Committee Opinion No. 722). https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/10/marijuana-use-during-pregnancy-and-lactation
- Health Canada. (2022). Cannabis: What are the effects of cannabis use before and during pregnancy? Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-medication/cannabis/health-effects/before-during-pregnancy.html
- Naître et grandir. (n.d.). Cannabis and other recreational drugs during pregnancy. https://naitreetgrandir.com/en/pregnancy/health-well-being/cannabis-recreational-drugs-during-pregnancy/